Restrictive, liberal, selective, or universal? European responses to the 2022 forced migration from Ukraine

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This CMR Spotlight presents the findings of the recently published Special Issue of the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies edited by Vilde Hernes (NIBR OsloMet) and Karolina Łukasiewicz (CMR UW). Analysing the cases from eight European countries: Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Poland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, the Special Issue challenges the common perception of the European responses to the arrival of forced migrants from Ukraine upon the full-scale invasion in 2022 as being unified and liberal. The authors develop a novel Restrictive, Liberal, Selective, or Universal migration and integration policy framework (the ReLiSU framework), to compare the response.